Gyllefluer

Predatory flies (Hydrotaea Aenescens) is a certain, small type of fly. They can be used to remove unwanted flies in pig stables and cattle stables. They are natural enemies of the common house fly (Musca domestica) and the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), as their larvea prey on other flies’ larvea. If they are added to stables regularly, they can keep the population of unwanted flies to a minimum in the stable. 

Avoid that the predatory flies dies or suffer nuisance – before they get to the stable environment to do their job

Predatory flies from Miljøfluen are packed in perforated bags and shipped to the stable, where the unwanted flies are to be removed. In the stable, you are to unpack the bags and place them in the plastic container that is included the first time you recieve predatory flies.

The flies are packed in bags with a small amount of protective material. This helps to isolate the flies from, the the cold and protects them during transport.

However, it is also important that you know how to take care of the bags with predatory flies when they arrive at the stable.

The flies are alive in the bags when they arrive. Even though they are quite robust, they are live animals and they cannot stand too much heat or too much cold.

This article gives you some guidance in how to handle the bags with predatory flies, when they arrive at the stable. If you follow these simple rules, you avoid damaging the flies and get the most out of the them.

Advice no. 1: Open the package and let the flies have some air

Inside the bags are live flies. However you will find more larvea, puppae and eggs than live flies when the bags arrive. At the larvae stage the flies wriggle around a lot, thereby generating a lot of friction heat. You may find that the bags feel warm to the hand, and that is caused alone by the friction heat provided by the larvea.

Naturally, flies become more active the warmer the environment. However, too high temperatures can kill them. Hence, it is a good idea to open the package on arrival and let the flies have some air.

If you don’t have time to open the bags and add them to the stable environment just as the package arrive, you can let them stay in the packaging for a day or two, before adding them to the containers in the stable. As long as you open the package upon arrival and let some air in – they will be fine.

Advice no. 2: Do not place the predatory flies too cold

Even though the predatory flies generate a lot of friction heat and sometimes need to be cooled down upon arrival (See advice no. 1), they cannot stand too much cold either.

The cold makes the flies slow down their activity and it can delay their life cycle. If you place the package with flies in a cold location, this can slow down their process of hatching. Thay can stand some cold – often it just slows down the process – however too much cold can kill them. Especially during times of frost.

From the time the flies arrive and until you unpack the bags, you need to avoid placing the flies in a cold environment. They should not be stored outside during wintertime for a long period of time.

Advice no. 3: If the flies do not move much at arrival it could be caused by a cold environment during transport

If you find that the flies are not moving around in the bags as much, it can be caused by a cold environment during transport.

As a rule of thumb, a normal cold affect to the bags, causes no problem. However, the flies can seem less active and their life cycle can be delayed a bit. You can help the flies resume their normal level of activity by placing them in a warm place (without opening them). It could be in a front room, where you can keep a bit of an eye with them.

After a short period of time in warmer conditions, you should be able to see more movement and hatched flies in the bags.

If the flies haven’t shown any sign of life after 8-10 days, the cold affect might have been too much for the flies to survive. Please contact Miljøfluen® by telephone +45 98259900 or via info@miljofluen.dk and have the bags replaced – free of charge.

Fall and Winter are low seasons for flies. It can be tempting to cut back on all the fly control work in the stables and enjoy the low number of annoying flies. But you would be wise to plan the coming year’s fly control in the Fall/Vinter, because once the heat comes in the new year so too will the flies be back.

As it gets warmer the flies reproduce more rapidly and what is called fly season is usually from March/April till October/November in Denmark. During the winter period the number of flies drops as the temperature does, and it is easy to forget how much unwanted flies can torment animals and humans in the stable.

 

Some people wait until spring to decide how to handle fly season because they “want to wait and see how bad it gets” but that can become expensive, you can read more about that in the articleLandmand og snart forår? Forbered dig til fluesæsonen nu.

It’s easier to prevent than to cure

As spring comes around, so does the word in the fields and time starts to run out for deciding on the fly control for the season. And if too much time passes and the unwanted flies manage to establish themselves in the stable, you will have to work much harder to bring the population under control. As a basic there are two strategies for getting control.

1. strategy: Treat the symptoms with fly poison

You can choose to control the grown flies as the emerge by using immediate agents such as fog sprays, for example Aquapy (Aerosol containing poison), or alternatively something like Agita which you can smear on your walls – Agita contains a sugary lure and has an immediate effect that can last for up to 4 weeks.

  • Pros:
    • You will see results fast and the number of grown flies will be greatly reduced, this will be the case for either of the options
    • Fog spray will have an effect on all types of flies and on all stages of the flies life cycle, meaning it will also kill larvae and eggs
    • Painting with Agita can have an effect for upto 4 weeks after the treatment, if you pour water over the treated areas at regular intervals
  • Cons:
    • It is important to follow the instructions on the agents to not endanger humans or hurt the environment as agents such as Aquapy are highly poisonous, and should not be inhaled or escape into nature. Anything that does end up outside the stable must be dealt with
    • Research shows that having many generations of flies during fly season increases the risk that they build resistance to the agent and you may have to change brand to uphold the effect
    • Smears can only be used on areas outside of the reach of the animals
    • Fog spray has a short lasting effect and the agent has to be used often to keep the number of unwanted flies under control throughout the season
    • Smears have no effect on biting flies as they are not attracted to sugar but blood
    • Neither of the options can be used with organic livestock
    • The treatment has to be repeated all of the fly season (according to the datasheet: Fog spray about 26 times a year, smears about 13 times

2. strategy: Preventative treatment with either fly poison or biological fly control

To actually get control of the flies and not just treat the symptoms of the problem, when the flies have already started hovering around the animals it is necessary to control the population before they develop from the larvae stage into flies

Prevention with poison

Before the start of the fly season, you can work preventatively using larvacids such as Neporex or Hokoes, both of which contain poison that targets the fly larvae. The agent is sprinkled or dissolved in water and watered along the edge of the box you want to treat. In stables with slatted floors and pig stables the entire surface of the floor must be treated.

      • Pros
        • Effective treatment against house flies and biting flies
        • Larvaecids have not shown any signs that the larvae can develop resistance
      • Cons
        • No immidiate effect on grown flies. You could complement with a smear that has good effect against adult flies
        • Effect lasts for about 14 days after first treatment
        • Larvaecids cannot be used by organic farmers
        • The treatment has to be repeated all of the fly season (according to data sheet: about 13 times

Prevention with biological fly control

If you choose to prepare for the fly season and want to spend minimal time and effort on fly control, then biological fly control may be the way forward for you. This treatment solution involves deploying predatory flies or mini wasps to the stable environment in early spring. Both of these are natural and effective enemies of the common house fly and the biting fly.

  • Pros
    • Effective against the common house fly and biting fly
    • Subscription solution with a delivery plan for the fly season. The products are delivered directly to the stables when it’s time to deploy them
    • Preventative and holistic solution for the whole fly season
    • Minimal workload in the stable. The products are hung in complimentary buckets or added directly to the stable environment at recommended locations when they arrive
    • No risk of anything developing resistance to the method
    • can be used by organic farmers
  • Cons
    • No immidiate effect on adult flies
    • It takes about 4-6 weeks before the effect of the predatory flies and mini wasps really kicks off. This is why it’s a good idea to start using them before the fly season really gets going
    • The treatment has to be repeated throughout the fly season (6-11 times – depending on the situation in and type of stable)

 

Predatory flies are used for controlling the population of other flies in pig and cattle stables. Its larvae eat the larvae of other flies. They are good for controlling the population of other types of flies in stables with for instance slurry channels. Source: Predatory flies by subscription. Miljøfluen

 

Mini wasps are a small group of wasps that breed by laying their eggs in the pupae of the flies. They are good for controlling the fly population in stables with deep litter bedding. They arrive in sealed containers to the stables. The wasps need to get into the bedding to find the fly pupae containing the unwanted flies. You can either spred the mini wasps in the bedding or place the opened container close to the area you want fly control in. Source: Mini wasps by subscription, Miljøfluen

 

The effect of mini wasps
The effect of mini wasps

Deploy the predatory flies or the mini wasps in the stables in early spring before the heat sets in to keep unwanted flies under control from the beginning of the season. Start early with a few deliveries and experience that you can keep the number of unwanted flies low for the whole season.

Sources

Andersen, Tina (2022) Farmer, and spring is closing in? Prepare for fly season now. MILJØFLUENS DATABANK ABOUT BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL

Andersen, Tina (2021) Flies can develop resistance to fly poison (Insecticides) MILJØFLUENS DATABANK ABOUT BIOLOGICAL FLY CONTROL
Nachman, Gösta & Skovgård, henrik (2016) Fluesimulatoren. Aktuel Naturvidenskab. Nr. 4.

Skovgård, H. (2004) Sustained releases of the pupal arasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: pteromalidae) for control of house flies, Musca domestica and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms in Denmark. Biological Control, bind 30, s. 288-297

Miljøfluen (2023) Predatory flies by subscription. http://www.miljofluen.dk

Miljøfluen (2023) mini wasps by subscription. http://www.miljofluen.dk

To put it in simple terms, biological fly control is the term for the method of using the natural enemies of the flies for keep the population under control. Several insects are so-called beneficial insects and will exterminate other insects such as house flies and biting flies. An example of the is predatory flies and mini wasps, and as such these can be used strategically for example as natural fly control in cattle, pig and horse stables.

Biological fly control is a preventative method for fly control

To make use of biological fly control using predatory flies or mini wasps, it has to be considered a preventative strategy meaning the plan for fly control should be initiated in early spring, as it is important to be aware that you have to start BEFORE the heat of spring and summer arrive.

Spring: Establish an army of beneficial insects in the stable

A small army of predatory flies and mini wasps should be established in the stable, before the unwanted flies show up. In that way you will be ahead of the development and the stable will be ready for deling with the invasion of flies.

Summer: Deploy small portions of beneficial insects in the stable throughout the summer

By deploying portions of predatory flies or mini wasps in the environment of the stable with short intervals in early spring and regularly throughout summer it becomes possible to keep, for instance, the common house fly and the biting fly populations low for all of the fly season.

Biological fly control can be used with great success in pig and cattle stables

In 2014 the Department of Agroecology at Aarhus University wrote Guidelines for control of flies at and around farms with livestock. They have noted the following about biological fly control:

“BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FLIES USING PREDATORY FLIES CAN BE USED WITH GREAT SUCCESS IN MANY PIG STABLES WITH SLOTTED FLOORS AND BEDDING. MINI WASPS CAN BE USED WHERE SOLID MANURE GATHERS OVER A LONGER PERIOD SUCH AS IN CALF BOXES AND LARGE AREAS WITH DEEP LITTER BEDDING”

Department of Agroecology (2014)

The larvae of predatory flies eat the larvae of other flies

Predatory flies can be used to control other flies in stables because their larvae are so-called predatory larvae that feed on the larvae of other flies. They are found in the wilds of most of Europe and North America and predatory flies are neither genetically modified nor created by humans.

Predatory flies are effecient against common house flies and biting flies

Predatory flies – in Latin hydrotaea aenescens</em (also known as black dump flies, black garbage flies, and dump flies) are the natural enemies of house flies (Musca domestica) and biting flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), both of which can often be found in pig, horse and cattle stables.

 

Predatory flies are good for use in stables with slurry channels

As a rule of thumb you can say that predatory flies are really good for fly control in stables with slurry channelse. You can read more about predaty flies at How predatory flies work.

In the below video you can see how Erik Nørbjerg from Thy in Northen Jutland use both predatory flies and mini wasps with his conventional cattle herd.

 

Mini wasps lay their eggs in fly pupae and take over

Mini wasps is a small group of wasps (2-3mm.) which breed by laying eggs in the pupae of the flies leading to mini wasp larvae instead of flies.

Mini wasps are good for use in stables with deep litter bedding

As a basic mini wasps are good for stables with dry areas such as stables with deep litter bedding.

 

Place the contained of mini wasps near the area in which you want to get better fly control

Usually, it is enough to place the container with parasitic wasps near the area you to engage in fly control in – for example in a box. In other cases, it is better to spread the wasps along the edge of the box. This depends on the setup of your stable. You can read more about mini wasps on How the mini wasp .

In the below video you can see how Jan Pedersen from Agnesminde in Haubro near Aars, uses mini wasps with his organic cattle:

Get a delivery plan from a professional provider of biological fly control

When you choose to use biological fly control in the barn, it is important that you have a plan for deploying the beneficial insects before you start adding them. You want to have them well-established in the stable before spring and the heat that comes with it. This means you need to get a few deliveries early in the year at brief intervals.
You will typically have a delivery plan from the supplies, which tells you when you can expect to have to add a new portion of predatory flies or mini wasps, to keep the number of unwanted flies under control.

The supplier will mail you the beneficial insects when it is time for a new portion. All you have to do is open the box when it arrives at the stable and add them to the environment of the stable.

Sources

+45 98 25 99 00
info@miljofluen.dk
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